Tag Archive: Fascism


Fascism – the sequel

END TIMES FASCISM AND THE FIGHT FOR THE LIVING WORLD by Naomi Klein and Astra Taylor ( Allen Lane, 2026)

The American Heritage Dictionary states that‘fascism’ is  “a system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, a capitalist economy subject to stringent governmental controls, violent suppression of the opposition, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.”

Based on this definition it is hard to argue that Naomi Klein and Astra Taylor are wholly wrong to label narcissitic megalomaniacs, religious zealots and techno-titans as fascists. But, at the same time, the strong association linking fascism with the Nazi-driven holocaust makes it a term that should be used with extreme caution. Klein and Taylor write “we were looking for a re-run, what we got was a sequel” as a recognition that what happened in the past does not follow a smooth narrative line into the present.

Fascism is often elevated into something more akin to a political philosophy than purely as a ‘system of government.’ To my mind, the warped ideas of tyrannical leaders like Hitler and Mussolini are aberrations better confined to history rather than being in any way ennobled or resuscitated. The influence of these despots stands as a sobering illustration of mankind’s capacity to be led into the depths of depraved thoughts and deeds.

To ascribe any philosophical label to the distorted visions of the current breed of power-driven individuals implies that there is more method than madness at the heart of their thoughts and actions. Yet it is the notable absence of guiding principles or morality that makes them so scary and dangerous.

In many interviews I have seen Naomi Klein has been asked to justify the use of the F word. In one with Louis Theroux she argues that to focus too much on definitions can distract from what the march of the far right means for ‘ordinary’ people and our vulnerable planet. One way to avoid getting bogged down with semantics is to avoid using contentious terminology in the first place. ‘Fascism’ is such a loaded and so over-used a word that it is probably best avoided. No amount of qualification will eliminate the baggage that comes with it. There are other ways of describing the acceleration of mess we are in.

None of this is to diminish the precious contribution Klein and Taylor are making with this book and their tireless campaigning. They are to be applauded for diligently trying to make some sense of the confusing times we are living through. ‘End of Times Fascism’ is essential reading and a bold attempt to document fast-moving events with the aim of alerting readers to the urgent need for at least slowing down the more obvious excesses in order to avert a full-blown apocalypse.

As someone who fears the tipping point may have already passed, I read this book seeking to assuage feelings of despondency or fatalism. The alternative to a search for ways to fight back and/or reasons for hope is to give in to despair and passivity. Klein and Taylor provide a valuable reminder that resistance is never useless.

Naomi Klein & Astra Taylor

In pre-internet days ‘The End Of The World Is Nigh’ was the warning slogan of religious nutcases on many city high streets.

I imagine nowadays there are plentiful versions of the same message to be found in social networks. For the most part these placard-carrying, rapture-dreaming, doom-mongers of the past were harmless enough and dismissed as objects of ridicule.

Given the state of the planet right now, maybe it’s time to wonder whether they were onto something after all.

The thrust of  ‘The Rise of End of Times Fascism’ by Naomi Klein and Astra Taylor certainly supports the view that the end of days are closer than ever.  These two women warriors’ have studied the rise of the far right in Trump’s America and come to the conclusion that “the most powerful people in the world are preparing for the end of the world.” 

Taylor is a new name to me but I hold Klein in such high esteem that I know she is not one to make such a dramatic claim without good reason. If anyone can be trusted to fact check it is her. Watch her eloquently  explain her treatise in measured tones in a short interview for Democracy Now to understand that she is not bent on scaremongering without just cause. The evidence she and Taylor put forward is both comprehensively damning and scary as shit.

Their thesis is as simple as it is chilling. The end times are a logical and pre-planned conclusion to the capitalist model which so brazenly divides the world into winners and losers.  The super wealthy have built their fortresses and bunkers knowing that catastrophes are the inevitable consequences of the policies Trump-Musk and their allies are pursuing so cynically. As Klein and Taylor write “The forces we are up against have made peace with mass death. They are treasonous to this world and its human and non-human inhabitants.” 

The scale of the task to turn this around is huge. I’m sure am not alone in constantly feeling that it is insurmountable.  But if there is a takeaway from Klein’s recent mind-expanding dialogue with ANOHNI, it is that we cannot let hope die without a fight. We cannot allow AI to replace human creativity, or stand by and accept that profits come before morality.  If we do either then the end truly is nigh.

Going into specifics about what action can and should be taken is not easy. Klein and Taylor don’t have all the answers but they are sure as hell posing the right questions. I am full of admiration for their courage in raising their heads above the parapet. Their rallying cry may be vague but it is an urgent one:  “we will need to build an unruly open-hearted movement of the Earth-loving faithful.”  

Sign me up.  

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A strong leader stands in an un-drained swamp.

“It’s so easy to laugh,
It’s so easy to hate,
It takes guts to be gentle and kind”
Lyrics by Morrissey to ‘I Know It’s Over’ by The Smiths

A recent survey carried out by the newspaper La Repubblica  found that 80% of Italians think the country needs to be run by “un uomo forte” (a strong man). In 2006, only 55% of the populace subscribed to this view while 60% held this belief in 2010.

This rising trend is worrying and depressing on many counts. It indicates that more and more voters are willing to be represented by leaders solely on the basis that they adopt strong opinions and maintain a posture of decisiveness.

On the surface this may seem logical and uncontroversial. After all, who would want a leader to be weak and indecisive? The problem lies with what exactly is meant by the word ‘strong’. Continue reading →

novecentoBeing the nearest city to Benito Mussolini’s birthplace in Predappio, Forlì in Emilia-Romagna has the dubious honour of being forever guilty by association with the infamous Fascist dictator.

This makes it a fitting location for an exhibition of art and life in Italy between the world wars.

Novecento (the 1900s) in the elegant San Domenico gallery, is a comprehensive journey back to a period of time from 1918 up to 1943, the year of Mussolini’s death.

A reminder of the town’s past is on the stand near the ticket office. A leaflet, translated into English, invites visitors to explore the ‘Routes of modern architecture in the Fascist era Forlì’.

The political aberrations of Il Duce’s reign are most evident in the first rooms. It shows how the artistic movements of Futurism and Cubism and the propaganda of the times were eerily in synch with one another.

You sense the pride and spirit of optimism in works that celebrate a heightened sense of nationalism.

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A sedate image from the Fascist era : Felice Casorati’s ‘Ragazza in Colina’ (1929)

With the benefit of hindsight, it is easy to reflect how quickly such triumphalism can lead to the political aberration of totalitarianism.

The ambitious exhibition seeks to show how all aspects of life were touched by the ideology of this era with a comprehensive display of paintings, sculptures, architecture and fashions. The highlights for me were works by Felice Casorati, Giorgio de Chirico and Mario Sironi.

The aim here is focused on culture rather than politics but since creative expression never occurs in a vacuum you can’t view the works without reflecting on the oppressive system the artists lived under.

SOCCER AND FASCISM

Cover of "The Conformist (Extended Editio...

IL CONFORMISTA directed by Bernardo Bertolucci (Italy, 1970)

In the 1970s, as I teenager, I conformed to my family expectations by supporting Walsall Football Club (which, for the benefit of American readers, is a ‘soccer’ team!).

Their stadium, Fellow’s Park, was walking distance from my grandmother’s home and the routine was that, every other Saturday afternoon, my mom and dad would drop me off outside the stadium. I would go to the match and then have egg and chips at Gran’s. My two elder brothers had done the same at my age.

For about three seasons I only missed a handful of home games despite the fact that Walsall were not, and still aren’t, a prestigious team. They survive in the lower divisions with moments of glory confined to the occasional good run in the FA Cup.My support was not dependant on them winning trophies but based on a loyalty that meant I stuck by them through thick and thin (mostly the latter!).

Most of my school friends claimed to be supporters of big teams like Manchester United or Arsenal but only ever watched their heroes on Match of the Day. They almost never went to actual games and I always told them that what they were doing was ‘following’ the team, not supporting them.

It’s very easy to cheer for a winning side and pledging allegiance to a soccer team can be broadly likened to maintaining a steadfast belief in a political cause.This is by way of a tenuous link to Bertolucci’s movie which is set in the 1930s. Continue reading →